Palabras clave
medicina interna
sistemas de apoyo a la decisión clínica
aprendizaje automático
diagnóstico médico
Resumen
Introducción. La inteligencia artificial (IA) está transformando la práctica médica, ofreciendo nuevas herramientas para mejorar la toma de decisiones clínicas en medicina interna. Esta revisión analiza el estado actual y las perspectivas futuras de la IA como herramienta de apoyo para el médico internista. Objetivo: Evaluar sistemáticamente la evidencia disponible sobre la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en la toma de decisiones clínicas en medicina interna, identificando beneficios, limitaciones y consideraciones éticas. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda estructurada en PubMed, Google Académico y bases de datos especializadas, utilizando términos como "artificial intelligence", "internal medicine", "clinical decision support", y "machine learning". Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión específicos para estudios publicados entre 2020-2025. Resultados: La evidencia actual demuestra que los sistemas de IA mejoran significativamente la precisión diagnóstica, optimizan la estratificación de riesgo y facilitan la personalización de tratamientos en medicina interna. Sin embargo, persisten desafíos relacionados con la interpretabilidad, la validación clínica y la integración en flujos de trabajo existentes. Conclusiones: Esta revisión sistemática responde explícitamente la pregunta de investigación: la inteligencia artificial mejora de forma significativa la precisión diagnóstica, optimiza la estratificación de riesgo y personaliza las intervenciones terapéuticas en medicina interna. Su impacto es cuantificable y consistente en las tres dimensiones críticas del razonamiento clínico: diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamiento. No obstante, su eficacia depende de una implementación supervisada, formación médica especializada y marcos regulatorios claros. La evidencia confirma que la IA es una herramienta complementaria que potencia el juicio clínico del médico internista sin sustituirlo, consolidando su papel como integrador crítico entre la tecnología y la experiencia clínica humana.
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